实现 strStr
截取对比
function strStr(haystack: string, needle: string): number {
// tail 实际为 head(0) + needle.length + 1
let head = 0, tail = needle.length - 1
while (tail < haystack.length) {
if (haystack.substr(head, needle.length) === needle) return head
head++
tail++
}
return -1
}